kanelli wrote:So Shaf, are essentially saying that religion contributes by creating increased feelings of loyalty toward a kindred community... How far does religion go in justifying the actions of the group though?
A couple of points:
1. the size of the group and
2. how far religion is used for that group's actions.
For 1 - we see that in the EU and USA, only a small minority of terrorist acts are carried out by 'Islamists'. In the EU in 2010 there were only 3, and all three were apparently loners who failed in their attacks - and whose gripe was the Danish cartoons.
So, for these 3 cases - religion played a major role in their motivation. But, they had to overcome the over-riding Islamic teaching that killing civilians (i.e. acts of terrorism) are expressly forbidden.
Now, even if we keep RC happy and look at Russia too - we find that there the Chechen and Dagastani attacks are being done by separatists with clear political aspirations. Much like the IRA (and including the smaller IRA factions which are expressly religiously motivated).
So, how far is religion used to justify religiously motivated acts of terrorism? Quite a lot - by definition.
How far is religion a factor when Muslim extremists target political targets such as the USA, because of their foreign policy - I'd argue, not much.
Put it another way - IF Islam did indeed teach that suicide bombing and attacking the West are requirements for Muslims, why is it that there are so very few Muslims carrying out Joe Stack, Tim McVeigh, Brievik style attacks in the USA. It's not because they don't have access to the same reading material and hardware supplies is it? It's not because they are all being caught - the ones being caught are all numpties and most are being entrapped.
The alternative is that Pape's analysis is right - the threat is over blown.
Cheers,
Shafique