A level - UK senior secondary school qualification for University entrance, 2 year course.
ICSE - don't know, probably not suitable if looking at entry to western university
IB - international university entrance course. Broader than A-level (6 subjects instead of 3). Intended for international schools but some local curriculum schools also implement it, especially in USA and UK. Accepted in most countries as qualification for university entry. Can study in English, French, Spanish but I think all IB schools in Dubai offer it only in English.
More detailed explanation here
http://www.dubaifaqs.com/education-dubai.phpThis list has filter for IB, ICSE, A-Level schools
http://www.dubaifaqs.com/schools-dubai.php